Jess Mowry

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SOME BASIC ADVICE ABOUT WRITING
Not all authors were born to write... most had to learn.

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The facts of (writing) life

Most people know what the so-called oldest profession is, but writing is often called the lonliest profession. Why? Because for most writers it's something they do alone, hour upon hour, day after day, sitting at a computer or desk. Writing is also something that very few people except another writer will understand why you want to do. And even fewer people care if you write or not.

Contrary to popular belief, most writers aren't "rich" and will probably never be. Good writing, or even great writing, does not always bring a ton of money... at least not in the lifetime of a writer. And, while writers may write exciting or adventurous stories, most don't live exciting or adventurous lives... unless you think figuring out how to pay next month's rent is exciting. This isn't saying that writers are geeks, or that they haven't had exciting experiences, or haven't lived some of the lives or been in some of the situations they write about. But writing itself is usually done in a quiet, relatively safe, and usually unexciting place after the adventures are over.

Many writers, even those with a few published books, don't make a living from writing, though this is often because they choose to live in a style that their writing alone can't support... which is usually above the poverty level in rural Mississippi. But most writers' hourly wage (if they ever dared to figure it out) would make an average burger-flipper laugh.

Sound pretty dull? Maybe wack or geeky? Probably not profitable, and something only a loser would do? Sometimes writing seems like all the above. So why write? Only you can answer that question, but for many writers it's something they feel they have to do whether they like it or not.

Despite these possibly dismal facts, I get a few e-mails and letters every week from new writers, showing me stories or parts of their novels and asking advice about how to write, what to write about, and how to get their writing published. This site has been up for about eight years, and in all that time I've only seen three or four stories that I would call bad writing. And even those stories weren't hopeless if the writer had really wanted to put some effort into learning how to write better.

Not surprisingly, the natural talent of very young writers usually shines the brightest, and it saddens me to know that many of these natural storytellers will either not go on to develop their talent, or will get discouraged by rejections and give up writing.

As with any God-given talent, whether it's an aptitude for playing an instrument, a knack for painting or drawing, or the natural ability to tell a good story, your talent alone is not enough. Your natural skills have to be developed through practice... which equals WORK. Developing your natural talent for writing a good saleable story (novels are stories too) is no different from developing a natural talent for shooting hoops or rapping: you pick up advice from experts in the game, you check out other people's styles and imitate those you like.

And most of all you practice.

As you might guess, I don't have time to write a detailed critique to everyone who sends me samples of their work, so I hope this page will give you some basic advice about how to develop your own natural talent for writing.

Probably the best advice I can give any writer is to READ. Read until your eyes go blurry and your head is stuffed with all kinds of things you never thought you'd want to know! Besides making you a better writer, you may not have to work for the white man the rest of your life.

Knowledge is power!

Knowledge is the only true power in the world. And, except for your body, it's the only thing you really own. If you've got knowledge you can do just about anything and survive just about anything. (And the best way to survive the ghetto is to get smart enough to get your ass out.) Knowledge is better than money because with knowledge you can always make money in some way. But ignorant folk are always poor and usually stay that way.

In the U.S., being poor and ignorant leaves you with better than a 50-50 chance that you'll end up in prison before age 25. And If you're black and ignorant, you're probably in prison already.

There is nothing cool or "bad" about being locked in a cage and treated like an animal... an ignorant monkey. If you believe that getting locked in a cage is some sort of black passing rite to manhood ("everybody has to do time sometime") then you're ignorant. Period. The concept that wasting months or years of your life in a white man's prison is some sort of black ritual, isn't a black thing, it's a white thing. It's also a white thing to play gangster games and feed on or kill your Brothers and Sisters. If you weren't an ignorant monkey, then you'd ask yourself who really benefits by locking up black boys, or teaching them it's "cool, bad and manly" to kill each other?

Anyway, back to writing... and reading.

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Develop your natural writing skills... READ!

Black History and current black issues are very important to know, but don't restrict your reading to only these things. And don't limit your reading to only black authors. To be a good writer you have to know a little about a lot. Also, by reading many different writers, you will gradually develop your own writing style. There are many times when I can tell what few books a young writer has read -- or who his or her favorite author is -- just by the way they write. So can most editors at publishing houses and magazines.

Imitating your favorite author is normal: in fact it's how most successful writers got started. But it does reveal that a new writer is still a little wet; and just as in most professions, whether trades, sports, music or film, very few people in the writing business have time to deal with a wet one.

A new writer may have tons of natural talent that shines through his or her rough or imitative style -- hardly a week goes by that I don't see an example of this -- but editors don't have time to help a new author develop their skills. Most editors are not writing mentors or teachers, they are business people, and their jobs are to chose books and stories that will make money for their publishing house or magazine.

The general attitude of most editors who encounter a gifted new author who hasn't yet polished their writing to a saleable degree is basically the same as a band leader or a film director when a talented but unpolished young musician or actor comes in for an audition... "nice, kid, come back when you've learned a little more."

There are many definitions of "writer". Can you call yourself a writer on the legit and not be published? Sure. There are lots of really great writers who aren't published yet, and probably just as many who will never be published, just as there are many great painters who will never be recognized, and many great sports players who will never be professionals. In many cases, these great natural writers will never be published because they either won't work hard enough polishing their writing to a saleable degree (which usually means learning the right form for novels and stories) and/or they won't put enough effort into trying to get their writing published.

Get busy!

Just as if you were a poor kid in rural Mississippi with a great natural talent for playing the guitar, the odds are that you're never going to be a professional musician and get paid for playing if all you do is sit on your porch and play for yourself and your friends. The chance that some big-time music promoter is going to break down in his Lex in front of your house and be captivated by your music is pretty damn slim.

Yet many great natural writers seem to think that some big-time book editor or literary agent is somehow going to stumble across their novel or story!

Do you think they're going to bust your crib and find your work in a drawer?

Just like that Mississippi boy, you're going to have to get off your ass, call attention to yourself, and show off your talent. You will probably be treated like shit by a few people, and have a lot of doors slammed in your face; but if you keep on trying and keep getting better at what you do, then sooner or later you'll land your first paying gig... sell a story.

No one is going to know how great your writing is if your story or novel is only shared with friends and family. You're going to have start sending your work to publishers; and you'll probably get a lot of rejections and be treated like shit by some people. But if you keep on writing and getting better at it, and keep sending your writing to publishers, then sooner or later you will be published.

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Don't be scared of rejections

A lot of new writers have a fear of rejection, and this keeps them from sending their work to publishers. (Just as it keeps many young black people from going out into the white world and building a good life.) But writing is a business, and rejections are just a part of that business. Most rejections are based upon editorial taste... meaning the personal likes and dislikes of an editor. I've had many books rejected by white female editors just because they don't like stories about young black males.

Editors keep their jobs by choosing books and stories that sell, which makes money for their publishing house or magazine; and if an editor has been successful by choosing only certain types of stories, then he or she probably won't take a chance on publishing something different.

Unfortunately, black books and stories are often "something different", so many editors are afraid to publish them. But that's just another part of the writing business, and you have to accept it.

You should never take rejections personally... it was your book or story that was rejected (for whatever reasons) not you,

Practice = work

Most young people are very creative in many ways. For example, the cartoons that many young people draw are excellent. But the difference between a cool cartoon on a school binder or a warehouse wall, and the work of a professional cartoonist in a magazine, or as animation on a movie screen, is that the professional cartoonist has to draw his or her characters in many different poses and situations, and from many different angles and perspectives, not just the one or two poses that he or she likes to draw.

Maybe the cartoonist is good with faces but hates doing bodies or backgrounds. That doesn't matter in the real world of cartooning: the professional cartoonist has to draw all of those things to make a whole picture. And, the professional cartoonist has to draw his or her characters over and over and over again, and polish them to perfection each and every time, including the parts of the drawing that he or she may not like to do or want to do.

And, he or she must draw every day whether they feel like drawing or not.

The same concept applies to professional writing. That "inspired" short story you wrote in an hour, or the first chapter of a novel; the idea that came to you in a dream or in a in a moment on the street; the scene, the situation, the protest, the picture, that demanded to be written -- the story that was "fun" to write or felt good to write -- is only the beginning of a long and sometimes painful process if you want to see that story or novel between covers and out on a book store shelf.

Rewrite and polish!

There are a few successful writers who say that they never do a rewrite or polish their work. I think that's bullshit. At least I've never written anything that wasn't improved by rewriting and polishing. And I don't think any real successful writer ever has. I can still read one of my most published short stories and see how changing a word here and there, adding or deleting a sentence or a paragraph, could make it better.

Sometimes rewriting can be fun, but often it isn't. Rewriting is work... a four-letter word. Just like a professional cartoonist who polishes his drawings, polishing your writing is something that you might not like to do, yet it must be done.

You should think of your inspired story or novel chapter as a first draft. It probably felt really good when you wrote it; maybe it got you an "A" in English, and all your friends liked it: but if you hope to get it published, or go from a ten-page first-chapter to a 300-page novel, then there's a lot of hard work ahead, and at least some of it won't be fun.

Just how to go about rewriting and polishing your work is something you have to find out for yourself. It's helpful to ask how other writers do it; but eventually you'll discover what works best for you. My own way is to read over the beginning of a story, or the start of a new novel chapter from yesterday, polishing as I go along, and let this polishing flow into today's new writing.

Some authors write their whole story or novel all the way through with the first inspiration and then begin at the beginning to polish and rewrite it all over again. But, no matter how you do your rewriting, you will always find that fresh words, descriptions, ideas, scenes, characters and perspectives come to mind and improve the story.

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Study

Go into any bookstore and you'll find hundreds of books about how to write and how to get your writing published. A lot of those books were written by published professional authors. Most are full of good advice, and many will claim to give you all the tricks you need to "write to sell."

But, what works for one person may not work for another. The best advice I can give you about these kinds of books is to read a lot of them so you'll get many different opinions and perspectives.

Tricks are for kids

Don't pay much attention to "writing tricks." The trouble with so-called writing tricks is that most editors already know them, and will see them in your work. Some editors will even know which "how to write" book you got those tricks from! A book of writing-to-sell tricks is a lot like those infomercials on TV where somebody who supposedly made a million dollars selling self-cleaning cat-boxes wants to show how you, yes YOU, can do it, too.

For a price, of course.

There's a big difference between writing-tricks and good writing. About the only real trick a black writer can use to sell his or her book is to tell the whitefolks what they want to hear about us -- a trick the whitefolks never wise up to -- but I assume you have higher standards than that.

Learn the form

But the only on-the-real trick to sell your writing (besides writing a good story) is to use the right form when shaping your story. Form is one of the writing rules you're going to have to follow whether you like it or not. Besides, if you need tricks to sell your work, then you're not much of a writer anyhow.

Obviously I can't go into every detail of how to write in the space of a web page: all I can do is give you some basic advice.

The basic form (or rule) for a short story or novel is that you have an interesting character (or characters) and your character is faced with a problem. The problem can be anything... something as simple as buying new jeans, right on up to getting drive-byed. It's up to you, the writer, to make your character and his or her problem interesting enough that someone wants to read about them.

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Let's say your character is a 13-year-old boy named Terrel. Having Terrel get drive-byed on his way to school would catch most readers' (and editors') attentions no matter what color they were. It sure as hell caught a lot of people's attentions when I had the Friends in Way Past Cool get drive-byed on their way to school.

Creating an interesting character in an interesting situation that most people would want to read about is not a writing trick, it's a necessity.

But, stories don't have to be life-and-death, dirty, dark, or violent to be interesting (like having Terrel get drive-byed). For example, just finding the right jeans when Terrel doesn't have much money, or having Terrel venturing out of the 'hood to some uptown whitebread mall for his jeans -- or venturing into the hood from the middle-class 'burbs to score a pair of genuine G jeans -- could be just as interesting to read about as Terrel in a life-threatening situation. And, what if Terrel wanted those jeans, not for himself, but as a Christmas present for his little brother? ("Christmas stories" are often in demand.)

You start your story by introducing your character and his problem to your readers. Some writers like to describe their characters and settings -- Terrel's room, his building, his house, his neighborhood, how he looks and dresses. For example, how would you describe the picture above? How much detail would you use in describing it? And, what does the picture tell your readers about Terrel? Not just the obvious or main things -- what he looks like, how he dresses -- but also the small and subtle things -- the little background details that show his personality and what he likes?

Other writers keep all that to a minimum. That's a matter of style... your style... but most readers do want to know what a character looks like... at least.

You present Terrel's problem as soon as you can in the story... set the stage... and Terrel fights in some way to overcome or solve that problem.

If Terrel has just been drive-byed on his way to school, his problem might be to find out who did it, why they did it, and make sure it won't happen again.

If Terrel wants to score a new pair of jeans, either for himself or for his little brother, his problem might be anything from how to get the money to how to get into that whitebread mall past a racist security guard.

Or, Terrel's problem could be how does a middle-class black boy from the 'burbs survive in the 'hood long enough to score those jeans and come home alive.

Terrel's fight to overcome his problem builds your readers' interest and adds tension and excitement to the story. If you write well, it keeps your reader reading to see what happens next. Will Terrel discover who drive-byed him? And if so, what can he do about it?

Will Terrel from the 'hood be able to outsmart the racist security guard and get into the mall? Will he be chased by the guard? Will he get the jeans?

What about middle-class Terrel? What kind of problem, or problems, does he have to overcome in the 'hood to score the jeans?

Finally, in the end, Terrel either solves his problem and wins... he finds out who did the roll-up and deals with it.

Or, Terrel outsmarts the racist security guard and scores his jeans... maybe after an exciting chase through the mall.

Or, suburban Terrel comes home alive from the 'hood with his jeans after being chased by gangstuhs. Etc.

Comedy or tragedy?

This, by the way, makes the story a "comedy." A story doesn't have to be funny to be a comedy. A comedy is where your character overcomes his problem and has a happy ending.

On the other hand, the problem might be too big or powerful for Terrel to overcome. ...Terrel gets capped while trying to find out who drive-byed him.

Or, the racist security guard catches Terrel and frames him for boosting a pair of jeans.

Or, suburban Terrel gets put on his back in the 'hood and his jeans are stolen.

This would make the story a "tragedy." Romeo and Juliet is a tradegy... they both died. They didn't overcome their problem.

Of course, Terrel doesn't have to die, get a beat-down, or go to jail for the story to be a tragedy: he just doesn't manage to solve his problem.

So, that's the basic form or rule for writing a story... interesting character, interesting problem, does Terrel solve his problem or not? If you're a good storyteller, you may have gotten several ideas from these examples. Remember that Terrel's problem doesn't have to be life and death or dark and dirty to make a good story or grab a reader's attention.

Remember that no matter how well you write, or what you write about, there will always be some people who won't want to read whatever it is you've written. Likewise, no matter how good your story or novel is, there will always be some editors who will reject it. Even the most successful and bestselling authors have books and stories rejected sometimes. This is another reason why you shouldn't let rejections discourage you.

Story or novel?

It's hard to define the difference between a short story --which can be pretty long sometimes -- and a novel; but usually a short story is about one character and one main problem. A cast of thousands is usually reserved for novels.

There's no rule about how long a short story can be, but very long short stories don't sell well these days because there's no market for them. Most magazines and short story books (anthologies) only want stories that are around twenty manuscript pages.

(See the Submitting Your Work page to find out what a manuscript page is all about.)

Sometimes a short story idea pops into your mind all complete from beginning to end and can be written down in an hour or two -- the first draft, anyhow -- but a novel usually takes a lot of time and thinking to work out; and sometimes you don't even know where it's going until you get there.

Several of my novels began as short story ideas and just kept growing, while a few of my novel ideas became short stories because I couldn't think of enough material to build a novel... though another writer might have. Some writers say they can tell the difference between a short story and a novel idea before sitting down to write it. Maybe they really can.

Point of view (POV)

An important thing to consider is from what point of view you're going to tell your story. Many young writers start out with the "I" point of view... like, "How I Spent My Summer Vacation".

This is the easiest way to write for a lot young people... your character tells the story to the reader. For example, here is Terrel telling the story:

I woke up and shoved off my blankets. Outside it was warm and sunny. I could hear birds singing in the park. But I felt like shit 'cause I got real drunk last night.

This may be the easiest way to tell a story for many young writers, but using the "I" point of view has a lot of limitations and some disadvantages. For one thing, if it isn't done right it gets boring pretty fast, unless Terrel is really good at expressing himself and describing his surroundings. And, unless you have Terrel checking himself in a mirror...

I checked myself in the bathroom mirror; my eyes were a little red.

... it's hard to tell your reader what he looks like. For example, if Terrel is handsome, muscular, or cute -- as most heroes are to some degree -- he might sound full of himself by describing himself to your reader. I've seen many "I" point of view stories that were very well written... except for the part in which narrator tried to describe him or her self.

Also, since 13-year-old Terrel is telling the story, he can't use words and descriptions that a person of his age, environment, and life-experience wouldn't use.

With the "I" point of view, nothing can be going on in the story that Terrel isn't there to see, hear, smell, feel, touch, think about or describe. Terrel might hear what sounds like 1970s muscle car cruising his hood, but he can't know that it's full of bangers waiting to pop him until he goes out and gets drive-byed.

If Terrel is telling this story, then your reader is sort of like inside Terrel's head. Your reader can only know what Terrel sees, hears, feels, smells, etc. And all these things can only be described in Terrel's own words... the words of a 13-year-old boy. And your readers can't know what Terrel is thinking unless Terrel tells them.

Probably the biggest disadvantage for a young writer using this "I" point of view is that it looks like a story written by a beginning writer, and this can turn a lot of editors off.

Another way to tell a story is sometimes called "the narrator point of view." In this style you, the writer, are sort of like God... you know all, see all, hear all, etc. And you tell the story instead of Terrel...

It was a warm sunny morning in West Oakland. Birds were singing in the park. Terrel woke up and shoved off his blankets. He was a wiry, chocolate-brown boy of thirteen, with big, puppylike hands and feet and a normally cheerful smile. But he didn't feel much like smiling today. He'd gotten really drunk last night and his head hurt like hell.

As "God", you, the narrator, know everything about Terrel, his neighborhood, his friends, and everything else that's going on around him. You watch his every move, and you see and know things he can't. You also know what he's thinking...

Two goddamn forties of O.E.! thought Terrel. I'm never gonna do that shit again!

You can say things like: Out on the street, a black '75 Chevy Camaro rounded the corner. Inside were six bangers from over East. They seemed to be trolling around for somebody.

Most books and stories are written from this narrator point-of-view. It's often more interesting to a reader than the "I" point of view, and it gives you, the writer, a lot more room to move. For one thing, you don't have to restrict your vocabulary and descriptive powers to those of a 13-year-old boy.

There are several other points of view to write from, but my favorite is sometimes called "stream-of-consciousness". I think it combines the best parts of both the "I" and "the narrator" points of view.

Like the "I" point of view, stream-of-consciousness storytelling is limited to what your character sees, hears, smells, tastes, thinks, etc. Terrel still can't know that black Camaro is packed with bangers trolling for him until they do the roll-up. But Terrel isn't telling us the story through his own voice; instead, you, the narrator, are telling it.

Like the "I" point of view, we are inside Terrel's head sometimes, but now we know what he's thinking without him having to tell us out loud as if he was talking.

In the stream-of-consciousness point of view, the same scene would go something like this...

Terrel woke up and shoved off his blankets. Outside it seemed to be a beautiful day. He could hear birds singing in the park. Birds! The hell were they good for? Why didn't they just shut the fuck up! His head hurt as he rolled from the bed and padded into the bathroom. Two goddamn forties of O.E. last night on an empty stomach! His eyes were red when he checked himself in the mirror, seeing a wiry, chocolate-brown boy of thirteen with big, puppylike hands and feet.

Get the idea? Not only can you, the narrator, tell the story, but Terrel can also tell it by thinking... Birds! The hell were they good for? Why didn't they just shut the fuck up!

A few writers switch points of view during their stories. While this can make a story more interesting, it can also confuse and annoy your reader if it isn't done right. In most cases there's no need to do it. Confusing or annoying an editor is almost always a guaranteed rejection; and even if your story is published, confusing and annoying readers will make them stop reading your story.

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Strong Language

English is a very useful language because there are usually a lot of words that can be used to describe the same thing but in different ways. Using the right words can make your reader feel the way you'd like them to feel about whatever you're describing. For instance, you could call a dog a "pup" or a "pooch" if you wanted your reader to like the canine, or you could call it a "cur" or a "mongrel" if you didn't. It's always important to choose the right words to describe a character, setting, or action, and also to set the mood you want your reader to feel.

Which of these two sentences puts a stronger, clearer, and more vivid picture in your mind of being attacked by a junkyard dog at night?

A large dog that did not appear to be very friendly, and was moving very fast, appeared unexpectedly in the inadequate light.

Or...

A snarling Doberman burst from the darkness!

Duh? Maybe. But you might be surprised at how many examples I see of writers choosing the wrong words... words that don't create pictures, aren't strong enough or are inappropriate for the mood or action, don't fit the context of the story, are too verbose (meaning there are too many words) or are just plain boring and as flat as a three day old beer. Action scenes, such as being attacked by a dog, are usually best written in short, simple sentences where every word counts. Using short sentences also gives the impression that things are happening fast.

For example, the short, simple sentence above tells your reader that the dog is snarling, therefore not friendly. It's a Doberman, which most people know is a large dog with a reputation for being aggressive. It burst from the darkness, therefore it was obviously moving very fast and appeared unexpectedly.

In this sentence every word contributed to creating a picture, setting a mood and describing what happened. Not only did every word count, but they were the right words to use in this context.

Likewise, anybody with legs that work can "walk" down a street. But walk doesn't tell your reader much except that the character isn't running. If the character is happy, he or she might stroll or strut. An energetic character might stride. A character on a self-righteous mission could march. If the character is unhappy he or she might shuffle or trudge. A nasty character might slink. A spooky character might creep.

Sometimes just choosing the right word can make a lot of difference in what your reader feels about a character or sees in a scene.

The words you choose should help create the mood you want your reader to feel. Not many people "skip" to a funeral -- unless it's for someone they hated -- and a "gray, rainy day," even though a stereotype, sets a more appropriate mood for a sad funeral than a "bright, sunny afternoon."

On the other hand, characters don't always have to "leap" from their seat or "burst" into a room... sometimes they can just get up or come in. Strong language is not always necessary, and if overdone it starts to look stupid. If you read a lot, you've probably seen examples of authors not using the right words to describe something, or overusing strong language.

You could say that strong language is like the F-word. If used at the right time it makes a point, but if used all the time it becomes meaningless.

Of course, not everyone is going to see or feel what you'd like them to, because words often mean different things to different people, and some people may not know what a certain word means or may think it means something else. This is also true with character names. If a reader has had a bad experience with somebody named Tyler, they're probably not going to like your hero Tyler no matter how good he is. There's nothing you can do about names, but you will usually have more success making your reader see and feel what you'd like them to by keeping your words within the context of your story. It also helps to imagine your audience... the types and ages of the people you're writing your story for.

Show, Don't Tell

One of the things new writers often hear (besides "only write about what you know," which is covered at the bottom of this page) is "show, don't tell." How many times have you read something like this...?

Jerod found himself becoming annoyed with his friends. What did they do besides sit there on the steps every day and smoke? His annoyance grew until it became anger, and he raised his voice to a loud and disgusted tone.

This is a narrator telling. The reader is told that Jerod gets pissed at his homies for doing nothing but smoke their youth away, and then the reader is told how Jerod expresses his feelings. To "show" how Jerod feels and reacts, the same scene could be written like this...

Jerod looked up to see Devon, Drae and Terry in their usual place on the building's front steps in a haze of their usual smoke. "You stupid shits!" he suddenly yelled. "You ain't goin' nowhere! You'll never be nothin'! I'll see y'all there when you're forty!"

Of course, some telling is necessary to save space for what's really important, but showing is usually more interesting to read. Many times you'll find that you can get your point across faster and more smoothly by showing. For example, instead of telling how a character named Bilal felt... "Bilal felt uncertain about what to say next," you could simply have him say, "Um..."

Below is a chapter from a novel in progress. Hopefully it shows how using the right words can create an atmosphere without the writer actually telling the reader how to feel. The POV is Bilal's stream-of consciousness; there are descriptions, dialog, and maybe the right words to give the reader the feel I wanted to give. What do you learn about Bilal and his situation that I didn't tell you?

* * *

The sign said RUST and it was rusty. Ahead was a bridge that was also rusty and looked about a hundred years old. Bilal wondered if the rusty sign was a warning about the rusty old bridge. It was a drawbridge, he noticed; there were two towers, one at each end, with huge iron wheels on top, and the whole center section was raised by cables. On the nearest tower, just above where the road went through, a traffic light was glowing green. Bilal supposed it would change to red when the bridge was being opened, and a wooden bar would probably close, maybe like a railroad crossing.

If the rusty sign was a warning, the driver didn't seem to care; the bus rolled on without slowing down. Another sign said STEEL DECK. Another said TRAFFIC STOP HERE. A fourth rusty sign on the nearest tower said something about 14 DAYS. The deck was made of steel mesh so the bus almost seemed to be driving on air. The water below was sun-shimmered green like a jungle lagoon in a swamp-creature movie. Bilal thought of something he'd read in a book... burning your bridges behind you. He supposed it meant that, if you did, you could never go home again. The bus had crossed a lot of bridges since pulling out of Oakland, bridges big and bridges small, bridges high and bridges low, but now, by crossing this rusty old bridge, a bridge of mostly empty space, a bridge that could open and cut off the road, it seemed like a bond had been broken somehow between his old life and what lay ahead.

The bus rumbled under the second tower and slowed to enter a tiny town. It had had already stopped in a dozen such towns since wandering into a mostly flat land of big open fields and small groves of trees under empty blue sky and a hot yellow sun. The towns had mostly looked shabby and old, like parts of West Oakland scattered around by the monster tornado from Oz, though here and there were new Quick-Marts, a modern gas station and sometimes McDonalds. But this town had none of those things. The biggest building was made of brick and might have once been a saloon or hotel back in the day when people rode horses. Now it was the Channel Market. Next door was an old-fashioned gas station with a rusty sign that said Flying Horse. There was also a hardware and tractor supply, a little cafe called The Hungry Catfish, a tiny post office that looked like a jail, and a few other stores that were closed or abandoned with boards nailed over their windows.

Bilal smiled at Devon's picture, then shut down and cased the computer. The bus came to a stop with a whisper of brakes near the high front porch of the Channel Market. A small rusty sign had the Greyhound graphic. "Rust," said the driver's voice through speakers. Like in the other little towns he didn't shut off the engine. Bilal shouldered his pack and tugged up his jeans. The driver was a big black man who looked like he'd seen everything twice and didn't want to see it again, but now he looked up as Bilal walked by.

"Runnin' away from somethin', son?"

"Huh?" said Bilal. "...No. My cousin lives here."

The driver's face was carefully kind. "Y'all sure, son? If this is as far as you could afford, I can take you on to Sacramento. Our church has a shelter."

"...Oh," said Bilal. "Thanks. But I really do got a cousin here."

"Well, enjoy your stay," said the man. He chuckled and added, "An' thanks for goin' Greyhound."

Bilal paused in the doorway, looking out at the town. The air was hot and dry. It smelled like weeds in a vacant lot with a hint of swampy water. A car and a pickup were at the cafe, but there were no people in sight. "Is there another bus today?"

"Back to Oaktown?" asked the driver. "Comes though about seven-thirty. ...Sure you don't wanna checkout our shelter?"

"I'm cool," said Bilal. "But thanks."

Bilal stepped down to hot asphalt, broken and buckled by patches of weeds. The bus's door closed behind him. The engine wound up and the bus rolled away, leaving a cloud of diesel smoke that hung in the sweltering air. Bilal watched until the bus disappeared up the shimmering ribbon of road. Its engine sound faded and left only silence. Bilal had never heard nothing before: even at three in the morning there were semi-trucks on the 880 freeway, the rumble of trains, a siren's scream, and almost always gunshots. He realized he was standing, stupidly in a parking lot, and probably looked like a runaway kid. There was a bench on the market's front porch. He climbed stone steps to sit in the shade and pull out his cousin's address... 13 Channel Road. That couldn't be far in a town this small. He glanced at the tiny post office: this place was lucky to have a zip code. He thought about buying a Coke in the store and maybe something to eat, but he only had twenty dollars.

An elderly man came out of the store. He was white and carried a broom. Bilal had a stupid thought; the man would chase him off with the broom! But the man only smiled.

"Need any help?"

"...Um," said Bilal. "I'm lookin' for Channel Road."

The man aimed his broom at the rusty drawbridge. "Right back there, this side of the channel. Goes east two miles past the cemetery, then dead-ends at the Wainwright farm. ...Used to be the Wainwright farm, till they sold out to the Japanese like most of the other small farms. ...Guess they won the war after all but I still won't buy a Toyota!" He shifted his broom. "Goin' west is the church. Saint Thaddeus." He broke into a cackle. "All the kids call it Saint Toads. ...School after that. Nearly a mile. Then the Moonview. Mostly big farms after that. Till you get down to Saunders Ferry." His wrinkled face turned sour. "Got a Wal-Mart there. 'Bout put this town in the graveyard!" He aimed his broom across the street at several boarded-up buildings. "Mason's Variety went first, then Kelly's Shoes an' Benson's Rexall. Smith's Hardware will probably go next. ...Barely hangin' on myself." He paused to spit off the porch. "If Wal-Mart is 'American,' then so are all them moose-lems!"

"...Oh," said Bilal. He wondered what the "moonview" was. He almost asked about his cousin -- there probably weren't many black people here -- but Akeem had warned him to stay on the low. "Thanks," he said. "Thank you, sir."

The man looked curious, like he wanted to ask a million questions. But then a phone rang in the store, the old-fashioned kind with a bell. Bilal waited until the man went inside, then tugged up his pack and walked toward the bridge. Maybe he should go to the school? His cousin would probably be there, and he had to register anyway.

Bilal was in pretty good shape he supposed, despite doing nothing about it, but he'd never walked very far in his life -- that's what busses and BART were for -- especially under a searing sun and without any breakfast or lunch. Like the man had said, Channel Road followed the slow green river. Or was it a channel? The highway hugged the other side but there wasn't much traffic on either road; a few big trucks and old pickups, along with a dusty car or two. His shirt was growing wet with sweat as he trudged along the weedy shoulder. He saw a big brown snake in the grass. It didn't rattle or hiss at him, but he made a wide detour around it. He passed a weathered wooden church with a rusty bell in its tower. He remembered an H.P. Lovecraft poem... "Beware the cracked chimes of Saint Toads." A sign announced a pancake breakfast after Sunday service. Thinking of pancakes with butter and syrup made his stomach growl. He wished he'd bought a Coke at the store, and a candy bar to go with it. Again, he noticed how quiet it was. The sun was hot, the sky was clear, and the only sounds were the few trucks and cars on the other side of the channel.

Up ahead was an old burger joint across the road on the riverbank. Bilal had seen a lot of them as the bus had rolled along. Some, like those in West Oakland, had once been Foster Freezes or A & W Root Beers, but McDees, The King, and Jack In The Box had put them in the graveyard. This place was called The Burger Barge but might have been a Tastee Freeze a million years ago. The building was made of cinderblocks, faded white and peeling paint. A rusty awning shaded the front, and there were a dozen wooden tables along with an ancient jukebox. The sign on a pole by the road was faded, but showed a barge with a giant cheeseburger. A puffing tugboat towed the barge and looked like Little Toot. Bilal first thought the place was closed, abandoned like the stores in town, but then he caught the scent of fries. Around the building were flowerbeds, and in the rear windows were curtains. In the riverbank reeds was a short wooden dock and a little boat with an outboard motor.

Bilal's stomach rumbled again as his nose was haunted by spirits of cheese and lingering ghosts of sizzling meat, but then he saw the school ahead. He should probably take care of business first and then come back for a burger.

The school looked like an old factory, two shabby stories of rust-colored brick, and stood in a weedy yellow field surrounded by a chain-link fence. On its roof was a tall iron smoke stack, maybe for an incinerator but adding to the factory look as if something was manufactured there instead of educated. Rusty earthquake-proofing bolts stuck out of the second-story walls, bleeding orange down the crumbling bricks and seemed to be holding the place together. Beside the building were two weathered courts with rusted poles and netless hoops. Behind was a dusty baseball diamond, a wooden backstop and rickety bleachers. A faded scoreboard across the field displayed the face of a snarling raccoon. RUST RACCOONS was painted above, and the mascot's name was, naturally, Rusty.

Boys were playing flag football while a beer-bellied coach yelled curses at them. The boys were maybe sixth-graders, one team shirts, the other skins, and all pouring sweat in the blazing sun. Their shirts were the color of old life-jackets, their shorts as green as the grass should have been... Freddie Krueger colors. Several boys were coppery brown, two long-haired like Indian dudes, but no one seemed to be black. A few were chubby or fat, including both the Indians who looked like shirtless girls. Two mega-fat boys were ambling laps around a dusty track, the only dudes besides the coach who weren't all shiny with sweat. A girl's class played on a basketball court with a coach who looked like a woman truck driver and sounded about the same. The girls were white or brown like the boys. Except for the P.E. classes, a line of battered bikes in a rack, and pickups and cars in a dirt parking lot, the school looked as dead as the town.

Bilal came up the cracked sidewalk, the underarms of his T-shirt soaked and trickles of sweat on his face. Chiseled in brick above the doors was THEODORE RUST MEMORIAL SCHOOL, 1923. That seemed to explain the name of the town and everything rusty about it. The iron door handles were half worn away from being grasped by a million small hands, and the hinges made a Munsters sound. It was hotter inside than out in the sun. There was no guard or metal detector. The air smelled of dust, old wood, and kid sweat. A hall ran the length of the building, and sun glared in through open back doors. The hall was higher than it was wide; its walls were painted a nasty green like demon puke in The Exorcist. It was lined with rows of lockers, olive-green like Army Jeeps. The classroom door windows had wire in the glass, their numbers old-fashioned and painted in gold. Dusty light fixtures the color of milk dangled on chains from the ceiling, but none were on and the hall was dark except for the patch of sun at the end. To the right was a three-faucet drinking fountain, chipped, yellowed, and streaked with rust. To the left was a staircase, its treads worn in hollows. The floor was gray linoleum, also worn in traffic lanes. Beyond the stairs were vending machines with candy bars, chips, cookies and Coke... the newest-looking things in the house. The usual stuff was tacked to the walls; drawings in crayon and waterpaint, most with Halloween themes, and anti-alcohol, drug, tobacco, gang, and obesity warnings. There were two posters for DARE. McGruff advised, "Take A Bite Out Of Crime." A skinny cartoon kid was telling a fat one, "It's Cool To Be A Loser." There was another poster of a stereotypical cartoon bully, a big blubber-boy with a pit-bullish face. His belly hung out of a black T-shirt with a skull and crossbones on the front, but his arms were around two smaller boys as if they were homies in Leave It To Beaver. STOP SCHOOL BULLYING was printed above, but didn't explain how that could be done.

Bilal considered the Coke machine but went to the drinking fountain instead. The water was warm and tasted like tin but at least it was wet and capped his thirst. He splashed a little on his face and dried it with his shirt. Up the hall a little way was a sign on chains that said OFFICE. From behind closed doors came the murmur of kids and the sleepy drone of teachers. Bilal wondered if anyone else was black besides himself and his cousin, but the classroom windows were frosty white so he couldn't see inside. The only other sound was a clatter of computer keys that came from the open office door. He stopped by a case of trophys. All were tarnished and dusty, many were shrouded with spiderwebs. The newest was from a baseball game in 1995. If it was cool to be a loser, the Rust Raccoons were freezerburn.

He wondered if he should wait and register on Monday; meet his cousin, check out his new crib. But that would mean walking back through town and trying to find his cousin's house; and what if nobody was home? Plus, there was the gun in his pack: it didn't seem cool to be cruising around, young, black, and toting steel. He tugged up his pack and walked into the office.

The ceiling was high like the hallway, and milk-white fixtures dangled from chains. A fat pink woman who might have been fifty sat behind an Army-green desk that matched a row of file cabinets. Her computer was an ancient Mac, its keyboard as yellow as zombie teeth. A sign on the desk said Mrs. Wicket. A black iron fan rattled papers but didn't make anything cooler. The woman peered up over steel half-glasses, and the look on her face, mostly surprise, seemed to confirm Bilal's suspicion that black kids were as rare in rust as white kids in West Oakland. She probably would have looked annoyed, bothered by any other kid, but seemed a little uncertain. Her eyes flicked to a purse on her desk.

"...Yes?"

"Um," said Bilal, and tried Devon's smile. "I need to register. For eighth grade."

The woman looked surprised again, but then recovered and frowned. "You can't register yourself. Your parents or guardian have to do it."

Bilal pulled out the envelope. "I'm supposed to give this to the principal."

The woman gave him a curious look, realized that, morphed back to a frown, then glanced at a door behind her. PRINCIPAL was painted in gold across its frosted window. "Give it to me. ...Sit down over there." She pointed to a wooden bench where a million little squirming butts had probably waited for punishment. The woman took the envelope as if it might be anthrax. She got to her feet, hesitated, then put her purse in a drawer. Then she knocked on the principal's door, waited a moment and finally went in, leaving it open a little. Bilal glanced up at a fly-specked clock. It was almost three and he was starving. He should have stopped at the burger joint. More posters hung on the nasty green walls, mostly the same as in the hall, including the bully and friends. He noticed a faded painting of a big fat man in an old-fashioned suit who looked like Uncle Fester. On the picture frame was a tarnished tag: Theodore Worthington Rust. A minute later the woman returned, looking more curious than before. "Go in," she said.

The principal's office was even hotter, demon-puke green with a dangling light and reeking of old cigarette smoke. Another antique iron fan rattled papers like dry autumn leaves. Two tall windows were open, the sunlight filtered through rust-colored shades. From outside came the squeals of girls and the roars of the coach cursing boys. A bony white man who looked like the preacher in Poltergeist II, or maybe Cripty The Keeper, sat behind another green desk. His face was skullish with long gleaming teeth behind lips that didn't seem able to close. His white dress shirt looked old and yellowed like something dug up from a grave, or maybe it was only the light. He was tightening his tie as Bilal came in, his hands like twitching corpse's claws. On his desk was a butt-filled ashtray, and a haze of smoke still hung in the air despite the rattling fan. He studied Bilal from deep-set eyes that looked like empty holes. It was hard for a skull to look curious -- or much of anything else -- but this one didn't look happy. The bony hands gripped Bilal's letter, open on the desktop. A hollow voice said, "Close the door, Mr. Graves." A long finger pointed. "Please sit down. My name is Mr. Craw."

"Hi." Bilal shut the door behind him, glimpsing the woman, who looked disappointed. Then he sat down on a hard wooden chair that seemed to resent his ass.

Mr. Craw scanned the letter, then cleared his throat with a death-rattle sound. "I've already gotten a letter from the principal of your former school. He said you've been a good student." The empty eye-sockets studied Bilal as if trying to X-ray his oversize shirt. "Though your grades in physical-fitness leave a lot to be desired. I would have thought you were overweight. Still, I'm impressed by your other grades, though your school may have lower standards." He looked a little uncomfortable... pretty hard for a skull to do. "You've been in trouble with the law?"

"No, sir," said Bilal. "I got in trouble because of the law." He smiled like Devon again. "I tried to take a bite out of crime, but it bit me back."

The skull didn't smile in return. "I hope you don't have an attitude problem."

"I'm hopin' to go to college."

"...Good," said the man. "Then you realize the importance of studying hard and applying yourself. ...And staying of out trouble."

"Yes, sir."

Mr. Craw opened a drawer and took out another letter. This had several pages, along with various forms. He ruffled through them, reading quickly. "Your transfer seems in order, although this is unusual. At least in this school district. We don't have these kinds of... problems here. And we certainly don't want them."

"I didn't want 'em myself," said Bilal.

The skull seemed to listen for attitude, then maybe decide it hadn't heard any. "Your principal didn't go into detail about the nature of your... problem... but I understand the police were involved?"

"Yes, sir," said Bilal. "But I'm not supposed to talk about it. I guess you could call OPD."

"Who?" asked Mr. Craw.

"Oakland Police Department."

"I have." The skull looked annoyed. "They weren't very helpful. But I assume it's for your safety." The skull looked uncomfortable again. "You're a Muslim?" he asked, pronouncing it moose-lem.

"Sorta," said Bilal.

"What do you mean?" asked Mr. Craw.

"...Well..." Bilal said carefully. "Are you a Christian, sir?"

The skull pondered that for a moment. "I don’t attend church, but I do believe in a... higher power. But I thought your religion was... a bit more strict."

Bilal smiled. "Like, 'Anyone who works on the sabbath day must be put to death'?"

The skull looked startled. "Is that in the Koran?"

"The Bible."

"...I may see your point," said Mr. Craw. "But, your religion has nothing to do with... your problem?"

"No," said Bilal. "Unless it was tryin' to do the right thing."

Mr. Craw looked past Bilal, where a shadow had darkened the door's frosted glass. He flicked a switch on an old intercom that looked like something from Frankenstein's lab. "Mrs. Wicket? Will you get me a cup of coffee, please?" He waited until the woman replied, then faced Bilal again. "By state and federal regulations we shouldn't be talking about religion. If you'd rather not I understand."

"That's coo... okay," said Bilal.

"Good. But this is a small rural school in a small and rural community where people generally get along. As you may have noticed it's mostly white, though many farm workers are Hispanic. There is also a small reservation of Native-American families. I'm not prejudiced, Mr. Graves -- of religion or of race -- and I want you to know you can trust me." He put both letters in a drawer and locked it with a small brass key, which seemed a bit dramatic. "I don't want to know what your problem was. And no one else here will know, either." He looked uncomfortable again. "And, no one has to know..." He cleared his throat. "Not that I'm suggesting..." The skull looked very unhappy now. "You don't openly practice... er, Muslimism?"

"No," said Bilal. "Which makes my grandfather sad."

The skull looked relieved. "My mother was religious. ...Not fanatical, of course. But she may have felt like your grandfather does when I stopped attending church in my teens."

"I think I understand," said Bilal.

"Your last name doesn't sound... er..."

"Islamic?" said Bilal. "My dad's name was Taimur. That's Sudanese. But he got killed in Iraq. ...On our side."

"Oh," said Mr. Craw. "I'm sorry."

Bilal shrugged. "I was only five. My mom got married again. Two years later. I could have kept my real dad's name. They axed me if I wanted to, but my new dad was cool."

"I see," said Mr. Craw. "But, Mr. Graves was also a Muslim?"

"No, but he respected my mom, an' what she believed."

"So, you were raised a Muslim?"

"Sorta," said Bilal. "But not fanatic or nothin'."

"And your grandfather?" asked Mr. Craw.

"He never tried to shove it on me."

"Are you... questioning?" asked Mr. Craw.

"I guess I am," said Bilal. "But a lot of other things, too."

"That's perfectly normal at your age. ...But, you don't object to Christmas? We have a tree, and a manger scene."

Bilal smiled. "I always gave my best friend a present, just like he always gave me one."

"He was a Christian?" asked Mr. Craw.

"He was... just a good dude." Bilal shrugged. "That kind of stuff makes people happy. Only a hater would hate it."

"That's true," said Mr. Craw. "And I'm very happy to hear it. But, religious beliefs aside, you're our first African-American student. And that, of course, is obvious."

Now it was Bilal who looked startled. He almost asked about his cousin... but maybe it was best to stay cool?

"As I said," Mr. Craw went on, "I'm not in the least prejudiced. But neither am I a Pollyanna. ...Do you know what that means?"

"Um," said Bilal. "Somebody who thinks, like, the world is all cool an' everybody's basically good?"

"Good, Mr. Graves." The skull almost smiled, though Bilal was glad it didn't. "I doubt if many students here would know the definition." Mr. Craw frowned as the boys' coach yelled, "Move it, you fat little blanket-ass!" ...Whatever that meant. Then he studied Bilal again. "You seem like an intelligent young man, so I won't put a candy coating on this. Problems often follow your people. ...African-Americans, I mean." Mr. Craw rose and went to the windows, his thin shape stark against the sun as he raised a shade and looked out. "Rust may not be a pretty town, at least aesthetically. ...Do you know what that means?"

"How it looks?" asked Bilal, thinking about candy and wishing he'd bought some.

"Good," said Mr. Craw. "But, while we have a few minor problems... underage drinking, a bit of weed... there is no gang violence or crack in this school. Many people in town still don't lock their doors, and the last major crime was a burglary in 1997. ...The thief was apprehended by our deputy sheriff. The people here may seem a bit slow compared to those you're used to... maybe not very 'hip' or 'down with what's up'... but they all have eyes in their heads, and they notice anything different. ...Such as drugs or crime." He dropped the shade and faced Bilal. "Do we understand each other?"

"Yes, sir."

"Good," said Mr. Craw, returning to his desk. "I'll have Mrs. Wicket type your schedule and give you a copy of our rules." He scanned Bilal's jeans. "Which include a dress code... no looser or lower than that."

"Yes, sir."

"No graphic T-shirts with violent, obscene, or suggestive motifs, including drugs or alcohol."

"Yes, sir."

"Graffiti is an instant suspension."

"Yes, sir."

"No wireless phones on campus."

"Yes, sir."

"The standard lunch is three dollars a day, though assistance is available."

"That's coo... okay," said Bilal.

"We... sometimes serve pork, or pork by-products."

"That's okay," said Bilal.

"Good. And there are vending machines in the hall. This is a closed campus." Mr. Craw smiled like a nightmare. "No sneaking out to the Burger Barge... but the Tugboat Triple 'rocks'."

"Yes, sir."

In the distance, down the road, a hoarse iron bell rang three times. Beware the cracked chimes of Saint Toad's, thought Bilal.

Mr. Craw glanced at his Timex. "Since we're halfway through last period, it might be more convenient for you to start on Monday."

"Yes, sir."

"Very well, Mr. Graves." The man extended a grisly hand. "Welcome to Theodore Rust Memorial."

Bilal took the hand, which felt like bones in a paper towel. "Thank you, sir."

"By the way," said Mr. Craw as Bilal turned to leave. "I'm sure Coach Swaggart would welcome you on our basketball team."

"I'm not very good at sports," said Bilal.

The skull looked disappointed.

* * *

Also choose words that fit the context of your story as well as the POV. In the example above, 13-year-old Bilal is basically telling the story so he can't use words and descriptions that most boys his age wouldn't use. Likewise, you, the narrator, shouldn't use words that don't fit. Bilal would more likely "piss" in the weeds by the side of the road than "urinate."

Don't use "big words" unless you understand what they mean, know how to use them properly, and are sure they fit the context of your story. For example, Bilal would be a lot more likely to "check a cool ride" than to "examine an expensive automobile." Likewise, he'd probably "think about scoring a forty," rather than "cogitate upon the purchase of a malt beverage."

Never use big words just to prove you know them. Your readers aren't interested in you, they're interested in the story.

Below is a chapter from one of my novels, When All Goes Bright. This might give you a few more examples of the things we've talked about: the POV is Nicole's stream-of consciousness; there are descriptions, dialog, and hopefully the right words to give the reader the feel I wanted to give. This may also illustrate how the mood and pace of a story can be changed by a sudden shift from long descriptive sentences to short action sentences...

* * *

"It looks like Thomas The Tank Engine, mom."

Nicole regarded the ancient train, which was clearly of antique British design. In the U.S. it might have been put on display in a children's park or a railroad museum, but here it stood panting, sweating and leaking, presumably going somewhere. Behind the engine were six flatcars. Two carried lengths of iron pipe, possibly for a water project. That, at least, seemed hopeful for a primitive African country. Three other cars were loaded with lumber, sacks of cement and building supplies -- wheelbarrows, shovels, picks and hoes -- which also suggested progress. The sixth flatcar held steel drums that were probably filled with diesel fuel, gasoline or motor oil... all had flammable warnings. Last in line was a passenger car, another shabby Victorian relic without any glass in its windows. It didn't seem especially safe behind the flammable liquids, but maybe the fuel or oil was safer away from the spark-throwing engine.

Zack had been checking the locomotive: all young boys liked trains. The thing looked about to explode any moment, a hissing, spurting, tea-kettle on wheels; but neither the engineer or the fireman -- sooty, soot-colored, shirtless men -- seemed concerned about the leaks as they lubricated various things with long-nosed copper oil cans. Resisting the urge to pull Zack away, Nicole lay a hand on his shoulder.

"Like you said the other day, they don't have all the new things we do. But they take good care of their old things, which is something that most Americans don't."

"Like, they recycle better than us?"

Nicole glanced again at the panting relic. "That's a good way of putting it. ...Maybe we should get on board." She gently took his chubby hand and led him away from the dangerous engine. "This is the only train for a week so we wouldn't want to miss it."

"Yeah," said Zack, who was holding a Coke he'd bought from a station machine. As always, his jeans were about to fall off, their tumble of cuffs dragging over his feet and hiding all but the toes of his boots. White didn't stay white very long in the bush, and today he was wearing a tan T-shirt and one of the khaki boonie hats that Nicole had brought for the trip. Nicole was wearing the other hat, along with the practical shirt and skirt she had worn on their Hillbrow safari. Zack's forearms and face had darkened to gold despite her warnings to use sunscreen. His body was also lightly tanned from an afternoon spent in the hotel pool, comfortably sprawled on a floating lounge chair, where he'd punished Nicole's expense account by ordering tons of overpriced snacks. He gulped from the can and wiped sweat from his face. "Too bad we couldn't find a plane, but ridin' this train should be cool."

The little border station was only a shack of rusty tin. The sun beat down on its wooden platform, while heat shimmered up from the tracks. It was only about nine in the morning, but already close to ninety degrees. Nicole eyed the windowless passenger car, thinking this trip would be far from cool. "They said a plane was coming today that usually went to Kiwanja. I know how much you like airplanes."

"Cool airplanes," corrected Zack. "Passenger planes are boring, mom. Like gettin' stuffed in a big metal tube an' nothin' happens between here an' there, unless you get hijacked or somethin'."

"Bush planes are usually more interesting. What did you think of Selinda?"

Zack took another gulp of Coke and politely half-smothered a burp. "The hippos were cool, but there weren't any lions. I wish we coulda seen some lions eatin' them big fat hippos."

"Those hippos, Zack."

"Sorry."

"I wish we could have stayed longer. But this is a business trip."

"I know," said Zack. "But, maybe we can come back someday."

"Do you like Africa?" asked Nicole.

Zack pulled a Nestle bar from his pocket. "The food's real good, an' the people are nice."

"Remember we've stayed in hotels so far." Nicole had a vision of facing Meg Tanner and justifying all her receipts. "Dammed expensive hotels."

"Yeah," said Zack. "I guess when you're rich then everything's nice."

"What did you think of Hillbrow?"

Zack considered while munching chocolate. "I guess there's like ghettoes all over the world. An' a lot of poor people who have to live there."

"But, you knew that already, didn't you?"

Zack licked his his fingers. "Kinda. But it's different when you really see it. Makes you sorta sad."

Nicole smiled. "I'm sure we'll see lions in Kiwanja."

"Hey!" said Zack. "Are those, like, African Boy-Scouts? ...They get to carry M-16s?"

Nicole tensed a bit as a dozen boys, ranging from ten to maybe fifteen, rolled up in a dusty army truck. All were clad in sand-and-tan that matched the vehicle's camouflage paint but didn't quite work in this lion-colored land. Captain Keto's ambers and golds would have blended in much better here. But, now it was suddenly clear to Nicole why most of the Barrymore uniforms being sent to Kiwanja were small. There was something a little ironic about it; a company making toy soldiers also making soldier suits for real soldiers of toylike size. As if kids were the ultimate war toys. The boys and their uniforms may have been small, but all were packing big black guns. Like Zack had said, they were M-16s... Defenders Of Democracy genuine accessories. Or, as Tom had said, leftover junk from the Vietnam War.

Could Tom have known about this, she wondered? No, she decided, he couldn't have known: he surely would have told her. Countries that forced their children to fight were usually suffering civil wars, and sometimes ethnic cleansing. She watched the boys clamber out of the truck, raising more dust as they hit the ground, then realized Zack was waiting for answers.

"They're Kiwanji soldiers, Zack."

"But they're only kids like me."

"Remember what we talked about? Different cultures..."

"Yeah, I know," said Zack. "But, they have kids in their army?"

"Many nations do, Zack. And not just in Africa."

"Those kids fight wars an' kill people, mom?"

"Kiwanja isn't at war, Zack, or I wouldn't have brought you along."

"So why do they need to have kids in their army? Like, where are all the men?"

Nicole scanned the camouflaged, gun-toting boys, who looked rather grim for their ages. Or maybe they were tired. There was no horseplay or childish chatter. What words they exchanged were in Swahili, the same archaic dialect of the boys who'd shared their taxi. "It might be just... community service."

Zack raised an eyebrow. "You mean if you're bad... like get busted for beer or smokin' weed... you get put the army in Africa instead of just pickin' up trash?"

Nicole felt as if she was pitching product she didn't really believe in. This hadn't been in her job description: she'd agreed to go look for some bootmakers, not to plunge herself and Zack in the boiling pot of some little war. She thought of the locator-phone in her tote, a direct line to Tom for a few direct questions. Or maybe some revelations for him. Tom wouldn't blame her for backing out now...

Then she pictured herself facing Dwane Barrymore in another boardroom meeting; explaining to him and the rest of the gang why she had failed her mission. Aaron Steele would likely be there, and would probably drop the biggest bombs... maybe taking her son had been a mistake? Understandable, of course. A woman did have maternal feelings. Really no more than a slight handicap. ...But in this case a little expensive.

Of course, she would pay for Zackary's trip, but still she would have accomplished nothing and wasted her company's money. It would take more than a few Captain Ketos to put her back in the glass-ceiling game.

She thought of Tom again... the alternative is Aaron Steele. Would Aaron have given up now, she wondered? Be frightened away by a few toy soldiers? She had already seen the risks he would take... assuming the rumors were true. And, even if they weren't true, he'd still put himself in real danger to possibly profit his company.

What had she done so far? Pressured her boss to pay her son's way on what should have been a business trip. Stayed in obscenely expensive hotels and wasted a day watching hippos. And now she was thinking of bailing her butt because she'd seen a few boys with guns. Jenny had probably seen a lot more, and not in a disciplined Army.

Nicole considered alternatives. She could send Zack home with her backup plan and keep to her company quest. But, what would he have learned? That, except for a glimpse of an urban slum, Africa was expensive hotels, smiling servants and lavish food. A banquet spread for the color of privilege. A land that begged to be exploited by light-skinned people just like him? He hadn't even seen a lion.

"We can talk about that on the train," she said.

"But, like, could they shoot us?"

"...Well," said Nicole. "So could a cop in America. Or all those guards in airports."

"But, those are adults," said Zack, finishing his candy bar and washing it down with Coke. "They're supposed to know who to kill."

Nicole remembered the letter she carried; a genuine U.S. Government letter direct to Kiwanja's President. She assumed at least some of those soldiers could read. "I'm sure these young men are well-trained."

"Yeah," said Zack after a moment. "I guess you wouldn't give kids guns unless they knew how to use 'em."

"Have you ever smoked weed?" asked Nicole.

"I checked it out, but I like beer better."

"Me too," said Nicole.

"How come they're not ridin' inside with us?"

The soldiers were boarding the freight cars. Two carried an olive-drab wooden box that might have contained ammunition. "It's probably for security."

"Do they have terrorists here, too?"

"The world has never been safe, Zack."

"Don't people have any right to be safe?"

"No one is going to be safe in this world until they start giving instead of taking."

"An' we're here to give them somethin', right? A chance to make money by sellin' their boots?"

"Yes," said Nicloe. "Do you feel okay?"

"About what?"

"You're not upset, are you? Or maybe a little scared?"